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Toyota Corona - medium size car (D-segment) Japanese automaker «Toyota Motor», which was produced between 1957 and 2002. Since the beginning of production, this car has stood between the smaller «Corolla» and business class «Crown». Currently completely replaced «Camry». Word «corona» translated from Latin as «crown». In many countries, this car was one of the first international exporters «Toyota» and sold under various names around the world. The engine was located in front, the drive on the first generations was on the rear wheels. In 1983, the car was switched to front-wheel drive.
At the end of the release, the main competitors «Corona» were Citroen C5, Chevrolet Malibu, Ford Mondeo, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima, Mazda 626, Mitsubishi Galant, Nissan Bluebird, Opel Vectra, Peugeot 406, Renault Laguna, Volvo S40, Škoda Superb, Subaru Legacy and Volkswagen Passat.
First generation (T10, 1957-1960)
In May 1957, the first generation Crown was introduced. The car was created with business-class design, technology and details in mind «Toyota Crown» and compact sedan «Toyopet Master». The engine was located in front, the drive was on the rear wheels. The body was a four-door sedan with a length of 3912 mm, a width of 1471 mm, a height of 1519 mm and a curb weight of 960 kg. Three-door vans were also available. The car was often used in Japan as a taxi.
There were two engines, both 1.0 liter petrol four-cylinders. First installed «Type S» with side valves, volume 995 cm33 33 hp. In 1959 it was replaced by a new engine «P family» overhead valves (OHV), volume 997 cm3 45 hp. The gearbox was a three-speed manuahp this more powerful engine, the car reached a top speed of 105 km/h.
In April 1958, the car received a minor facelift that brought new hood ornaments and door handles. Later there was another upgrade that changed the grille and rear seat.
Second generation (T20/T30, 1960-1964)
In March 1960, the second generation came out with the code «T20». The car was exported under the name «Toyota Tiara». The body was a four-door sedan, three-door station wagon and two-door coupe. The length was 3990 mm, width 1490 mm, height 1440 mm and curb weight 940-980 kg. The transmission of torque was to the rear wheels. In addition to Japan, production has been established in Australia since 1963. Two concept cars were shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1963 «Corona 1500S convertible» and «Corona 1900S sports sadan».
Engine «P family» 1.0 liter (997 cm3) carried over from the first generation unchanged. Later, in March 1961, a new motor appeared «R family» 1.5 liters (1453 cm3) 60 hp. In 1964 a more powerful motor was added «3R family» 1.9 liters (1897 cm3) 89 hp. The gearbox was the old three-speed manual, and for the first time they began to install a two-speed automatic.
Third generation (T40/T50, 1964-1970)
In September 1964, the third generation Toyota Crown was introduced. A demonstration of the operation of the new car was held on the expressway «Meishin» in Japan, he traveled 100 thousand kilometers and was able to reach speeds of 140 km / h. Body options were offered as follows − five-door station wagon, hatchback, van; four-door sedan; three-door van; two-door coupe and hardtop coupe. Codes 40-43 were used for sedans, 46-47 for commercial vans, 50-55 for hardtops, 56 for hatchbacks. The external dimensions of the car have increased and amounted to a length of 4110 mm, a width of 1550 mm and a height of 1420 mm. The curb weight was 971-1000 kg. The drive was still on the rear wheels. The car was assembled in Japan, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea.
The range of gasoline four-cylinder carburetor engines has greatly expanded and presented the following picture:
- 1.2 liters (1198 cm3, 2P) with a capacity of 54 hp
- 1.3 liters (1345 cm3, 3P) 64 hp
- 1.5 liters (1490 cm3, 2R) 74 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4R) 91 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 9R, DOHC) 110 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 12R) 89 hp
- 1.6 liters (1591 cm3, 7R, 7R-B) 84 and 101 hp
- 1.9 liters (1897 cm3, 3R) 89 hp
The gearbox was a three- or four-speed manual, as well as a two-speed automatic «Toyoglide».
Corona Mark II (T60/T70, 1968-1972)
In September 1968, a larger model called «Corona Mark II». After 1972, the car was separated into a separate model, which was produced until 2004 and ceased to be produced after the ninth generation. The body was a four-door sedan, five-door station wagon and two-door coupe. The length was 4295 mm, width 1610 mm, height 1405 mm and curb weight 1000 kg. The engines were only gasoline four-cylinders with a volume of 1.5 to 2.0 liters with a capacity of 74 to 139 hp.
Fourth generation (T80/T90, 1970-1973)
In February 1970, a completely redesigned fourth generation Crown was released, based on a new platform from the car «Corona Mark II». The body was a four-door sedan (length 4170, width 1570 mm, height 1400 mm, weight 945 kg), five-door station wagon (length 4260 mm, width 1570 mm, height 1435 mm, weight 1005 kg) and a two-door coupe. Production was carried out in Australia and Japan. In 1970, a competitor with similar dimensions appeared in the domestic market of Japan called «Toyota Carina», which was based on the platform «Toyota Celica» and equipped with more powerful engines.
Toyota Crown was equipped with four-cylinder engines running on gasoline of the following volumes and characteristics:
- 1.3 liters (1345 cm3, 3P, OHV) 64 hp
- 1.5 liters (1490 cm3, 2R, OHV) 74 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 12R, OHV) 89 hp
- 1.6 liters (1591 cm3, 7R, SOHC) 84 hp
- 1.7 liters (1707 cm3, 6R, OHV) 107 hp
- 1.9 liters (1858 cm3, 8R, SOHC) 109 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 18R, SOHC) 105 hp
The gearbox was a two- or three-speed automatic «Toyoglide», as well as a mechanical three-, four- or five-speed with a shift lever on the floor.
In August 1971, they carried out an update, changing the grille and direction indicators. In 1972, another minor restyling was carried out.
Fifth generation (T100/T110/T120, 1973-1979)
In August 1973, the fifth update of the Toyota Corolla appeared with the chassis code «T100». The body was produced as a two- or four-door sedan (length 4250 mm, width 1610 mm, height 1390 mm), five-door station wagon (length 4481 mm, width 1610 mm, height 1430 mm) and a two-door hardtop coupe. The curb weight of the car was 1090-1260 kg. Chassis codes 100-105 were reserved for sedans, 106-109 for vans, 110-115 for hardtop coupes, and 116-119 for station wagons. 120 series model codes used for Japanese market models equipped with new engines «TTC-C» with emission control. Car assembly workshops were located in Japan, Australia, Indonesia and South Africa.
Engines were installed only with four-cylinder gasoline engines of the following characteristics:
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 2T) 102 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 12T) 88 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 12R) 79 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 3T-U) 105 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 13T) 94 hp
- 1.8 liters (1808 cm3, 16R) 108 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 18R) 105 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 19R) 79 hp
- 2.2 liters (2190 cm3, 20R) 98 hp
The gearbox was a three-, four- and five-speed manual (W40, W50) or three-speed automatic (A40).
In January 1977, the interior and exterior of the car were updated - the radiator grille, headlights and their surroundings, hood and taillights were changed.
Sixth generation (T130, 1978-1983)
In September 1978, the sixth generation was introduced in Japan with the code «T130». The engine was located in front with rear-wheel drive. The body was produced as a four-door sedan (length 4490 mm, width 1655 mm, height 1400), five-door liftback (length 4491 mm, width 1655 mm, height 1346 mm), a two-door hardtop coupe, and a five-door station wagon. The curb weight was 1085-1161 kg. Front suspension independent MacPherson strut, rear four-link with Panhard rod, with the exception of the station wagon with leaf springs at the rear. The car was assembled in Japan, Australia, Indonesia and New Zealand.
The engines, as before, are four-cylinder in-line gasoline engines of the following volumes:
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 12R, OHV) 89 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 2T) 102 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 12T) 88 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 3T) 105 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 13T) 94 hp
- 1.8 liters (1808 cm3, 16R) 104 hp
- 1.9 liters (1892 cm3, Holden 1X) 78 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 18R) 105 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 18R-G, DOHC) 135 hp
- 2.0 liters (1973 cm3, 21R, SOHC) 105 hp
- 2.0 liters (1994 cm3, 5R-LPG, OHV) 106 hp
- 2.2 liters (2190 cm3, 20R) 97 hp
- 2.4 liters (2366 cm3, 22R, SOHC) 97 hp
The gearbox was installed three-, four- or five-speed manual, as well as a three- or four-speed automatic (A40, A40D).
In 1981, they carried out a minor update of the appearance of the car.
Seventh generation (1982-1989)
Rear drive (T140, 1982-1987)
In January 1982, the seventh generation appeared with the code «T140». This is the last car with rear wheel drive. The body was produced as a four-door sedan, five-door wagon or van, as well as a two-door hardtop coupe. The length of the car was 4570 mm, width 1660 mm, height 1415 mm and curb weight 1165 kg. There was also a special-bodied taxi version with a higher and more vertical roof and a more comfortable rear seat. Assembly was carried out in Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
The range of gasoline four-cylinder engines was updated and presented the following picture:
- 1.5 liters (1486 cm3, 5K-J, OHV) 82 hp
- 1.5 liters (1452 cm3, 3A-U, SOHC) 82 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GEU, DOHC) 114 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 2T, OHV) 75 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 12T-J) 88 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 3T-EU, OHV) 105 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 3T-GTEU, turbo) 160 hp
- 1.8 liters (1812 cm3, 2Y-P, OHV, LPG, taxi) 70 hp
- 1.8 liters (1812 cm3, 2Y-PU, OHV, LPG) 85 hp
- 1.8 liters (1832 cm3, 1S-U, SOHC) 100 hp
- 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 2S-C) 98 hp
- 2.0 liters (1968 cm3, 18R-GEU, DOHC) 133 hp
- 2.4 liters (2366 cm3, 22R-E, SOHC) 97 hp
1.8 liter diesel engines also appeared for the first time (1839 cm3, 1C, SOHC, 64 hp) and 2.0 liters (1974 cm3, 2C-II, SOHC, 73 hp), both four-cylinder in-line. The gearbox was a four- or five-speed manual, as well as a three- or four-speed automatic.
Front-wheel drive (T150, 1983-1987)
In January 1983, a front-engined, front-wheel-drive model appeared with the code «T150», also called «Corona FF». Thanks to front-wheel drive, the length of the car was reduced by 200 mm compared to the rear-wheel drive model produced in parallel «T140». Body styles were four-door sedan, five-door liftback and two-door coupe. The total length of the car was 4360-4390 mm, width 1670 mm, height 1365 mm and curb weight 1005 kg. This car was the first Japanese to use LCD screens for information devices in the cabin. Assembly shops were located in Indonesia, New Zealand and Japan.
For front-wheel drive vehicles, updated four-cylinder gasoline engines of the following characteristics were used:
- 1.5 liters (1452 cm3, 3A-LU, SOHC) 70 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-L/4A-LU, SOHC) 90 hp
- 1.8 liters (1832 cm3, 1S, SOHC) 100 hp
- 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 2S-E, SOHC) 92 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-GELU, DOHC) 138 hp
There was also one 2.0 liter diesel engine (1974 cm3, 2C-L, SOHC) 73 hp
In August 1985, they carried out an update by installing larger taillights. At the same time, the closest classmates were updated - «Celica» and «Carina».
Corona Coupe (T160, 1985-1989)
When «Celica» was transferred from its former rear-wheel drive platform «A-series» to front wheel drive platform «Corona T-series», sedan «Celica» was renamed to «Corona Coupe» in Japan, which was identical to that available on international markets «Celica» with the only difference - the retractable headlights were replaced with regular fixed ones. Series cars «T160» have a longer wheelbase as well as a wider track (anterior and posterior), than export «Celica». In 1993, this branch was named «Toyota Curren» on chassis «T200», produced until 1998.
Eighth generation (T170, 1987-1992)
In December 1987, the eighth generation was introduced with the code «T170». Rear-wheel drive was completely abandoned in favor of front-wheel drive. The body was a four-door sedan, five-door station wagon and liftback (Corona SF). The dimensions of the car continued to grow and the length was 4440 mm, width 1690 mm, height 1370 mm and curb weight 1130 kg. In Europe, some modifications were sold under the name «Carina II». A four-door hardtop was also produced with the name «Corona EXiV» with chassis code «T180». In May 1990, 500 cars were produced with the name «Corona Super Roomy» 4690 mm long, which is dedicated to the 10 millionth car sold «Corona». Assembly «T170» implemented in Japan, Indonesia, New Zealand and Taiwan.
Petrol four-cylinder engines had the following characteristics:
- 1.5 liters (1456 cm3, 3E, SOHC) 87 hp
- 1.5 liters (1498 cm3, 5A-F/5A-FE, DOHC) 85-104 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE, DOHC) 113 hp
- 1.8 liters (1832 cm3, 1S-iLU, SOHC) 105 hp
- 1.8 liters (1838 cm3, 4S-FE, DOHC) 113 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-FE, DOHC) 126 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-GE, DOHC) 153 hp
Installed one diesel engine with a volume of 2.0 liters (1974 cm3, 2C, SOHC) 73 hp
Ninth generation (T190, 1992-1997)
In March 1992, the ninth generation of the Corolla was presented at the Geneva Motor Show with the chassis code «T190». In Europe, the car was known as «Carina E», which replaced «Carina II». In other countries, the car was sold as «Corona Absolute» (Indonesia) or «Corona Exsior» (Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand). The body was a four-door sedan, as well as a five-door wagon and liftback (Corona SF). Since 1993, the station wagon has been brought into a separate model with the name «Toyota Caldina». The length of the car was 4520 mm, width 1695 mm, height 1410 mm and curb weight 1200 kg, that is, the dimensions continued to increase. The exterior design has become more rounded, following the automotive fashion of the 90s. The engine was located in the front, front-wheel drive, and all-wheel drive also appeared for the first time. The car was assembled in Japan, Great Britain, Indonesia, New Zealand, Taiwan and the Philippines.
All four-cylinder petrol engines were equipped with fuel injection and were represented by the following models:
- 1.5 liters (1497 cm3, 5E-FE, DOHC) 93 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE, DOHC) 113 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE, DOHC) 120 hp
- 1.8 liters (1838 cm3, 4S-FE, DOHC) 125 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-FE, DOHC) 126 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-GE, DOHC) 178 hp
Diesel engines were represented by three models of the following characteristics:
- 2.0 liters (1974 cm3, 2C, SOHC) 73 hp
- 2.0 liters (1974 cm3, 2C-T, SOHC, turbo) 91 hp
- 2.2 liters (2184 cm3, 3C-E, SOHC, injection) 79 hp
The gearbox was a four-speed automatic or a five-speed manual.
Tenth generation (T210, 1996-2002)
The tenth generation was produced last with the name «Corona» from 1996 with chassis code «T210». Model «Corona Premio» split into a separate branch «Premio» or «Allion». The body was only a four-door sedan with a length of 4520 mm, a width of 1695 mm, a height of 1410 mm and a curb weight of 1190 kg. A five-door station wagon was produced on the same platform «Caldina», which was the Japanese version of the European «Avensis». The engine was located in front with front-wheel drive. There was an all-wheel drive model with the code «ST215». Car production was carried out in Japan and Taiwan.
The range of gasoline engines with direct injection was the following models:
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE) 113 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE) 120 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-FE) 126 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-GE) 197 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-GTE, turbo) 256 hp
Until 1998, the diesel engine was a 2.0 liter (1974 cm3, 2C-T, SOHC, turbo) with a capacity of 91 hp, and then a 2.2-liter engine was installed (2184 cm3, 3C-T, SOHC, turbo) 100 hp
Eleventh generation (T220, 1997-2002)
car with code «T220» ceased to be called «Corona». The body was a four-door sedan and a five-door liftback, which were sold under the name «Avensis», as well as a five-door station wagon «Caldina», based on the tenth generation platform «T210».
Toyota Avensis (1997-present time)
Toyota Avensis - medium size car (D-segment) Japanese automaker «Toyota Motor», produced from 1997 to the present. Is the direct successor «Corona» ninth generation with code «T190», called in Europe «Carina E». In Japan, it is considered a top-level vehicle. Available in sedan, station wagon and liftback. There is also a minivan (MPV) with the title «Avensis Verso». Name «Avensis» comes from the French term «avancer», which means «move forward».
First generation (T220, 1997-2003)
In October 1997, the first generation of Avensis began to be produced at the Toyota plant in the UK. The design of the car has been completely redesigned. The body was a four-door sedan, five-door station wagon and liftback (hatchback). The length was 4520-4600 mm, width 1710 mm, height 1425-1500 mm. In Argentina and Brazil, the car was sold as «Corona», and in Chile and Perucz was sold as «Corona Avensis». In 2001, a minivan appeared with the name «Avensis Verso». In October 2000, the model was restyled.
Petrol engines were four-cylinder of the following parameters:
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE) 109 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 3ZZ-FE) 109 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE) 109 hp
- 1.8 liters (1794 cm3, 1ZZ-FE) 127 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 3S-FE) 126 hp
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AZ-FSE) 148 hp
There were also two 2.0-liter diesel four-cylinder engines (1974 cm3, 2C-TE) 89 hp and 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 1CD-FTV) 109 hp. The gearbox was a four-speed automatic and a five-speed manual.
Second generation (T250, 2003-2009)
In February 2003, the second generation of Avensis was introduced with the code «T250». The exterior design has been seriously redesigned. platform based «Toyota MC». Body shapes were the same as in the first generation. External dimensions continued to increase: the length was 4645-4715 mm, width 1760 mm, height 1480-1525 mm. Since 2004, it has become the largest sedan in Europe «Toyota» after the cessation of supply «Camry». In 2003 «Avensis» became the first Japanese car to receive a five-star rating as part of the testing committee «Euro NCAP» with 34 total points. It also became the highest rated car ever tested. It was also the first car in Europe with knee airbags.
Gasoline engines were four-cylinder, all with variable valve timing (VVT-i) the following volumes and capacities - 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 3ZZ-FE, 109 hp), 1.8 liters (1794 cm3, 1ZZ-FE, 127 hp), 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AZ-FSE, 145 hp) and 2.4 liters (2362 cm3, 2AZ-FSE, 161 hp). There were also four 2.0-liter diesel engines (1995 cm3, 1CD-FTV, 114 hp), 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AD-FTV, 125 hp), 2.2 liters (2231 cm3, 2AD-FTV, 148 hp) and 2.2 liters (2231 cm3, 2AD-FHV, 174 hp). The transmission was a five-speed manual and a four-speed automatic.
In June 2006, the model was updated. They changed the grille, front bumper, rear-view mirrors with built-in turn signals, installed an audio system with support for MP3 audio format, headlights became with automatic light switching.
Third generation (T270, 2009-present time)
In October 2008, the third generation of Avensis was shown at the Paris Motor Show with the code «T270», and sales began in January 2009. Production was also only in the UK. Body shapes remained four-door sedan (length 4695 mm) and five-door station wagon (4780 mm). The width was 1810 mm, the height was 1480 mm and the curb weight was 1440 kg. The car is built on a platform «Toyota New MC». The aerodynamics were seriously worked on and the drag coefficient was only 0.28. The suspension has also been improved for sporty handling while maintaining a high level of comfort. Bi-xenon headlights, adaptive front lighting, adaptive cruise control and seven airbags are standard.
There are three 1.6-liter petrol engines left (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FAE, 130 hp), 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FAE, 145 hp) and 2.0 liters (1987 cm3, 3ZR-FAE, 150 hp). The range of diesel engines includes the following models:
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1WW, 110 hp)
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AD-FTV, 122 hp)
- 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AD-FTV, 125 hp)
- 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 2WW, 141 hp)
- 2.2 liters (2231 cm3, 2AD-FTV, 148 hp)
- 2.2 liters (2231 cm3, 2AD-FHV, 174 hp)
The gearbox was installed six-speed manual, six-speed automatic or stepless variator «Multidrive S» (CVT).
In January 2012, the first update of the model was carried out, which was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2011. Changed the grille and rear lights. The second upgrade was carried out in June 2015. The presentation of this car took place at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2012. Changed the grille, rear end, headlights, taillights and interior.