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Toyota Land Cruiser - full-size all-wheel drive SUV of the Japanese corporation «Toyota Motor», whose history dates back to 1951 and which are currently being produced. The bodywork is mounted on a solid frame and has been in station wagon, hardtop, convertible and chassis cab form. Has a more luxurious and expensive version with the name «Lexus LX». Word «land» translated from English as «ground, land», and the word «cruiser» How «cruiser». The reliability of the Land Cruiser led to its huge popularity and over 6.5 million vehicles have been produced since then.
In 1941, during the Second World War, the Japanese captured an American jeep on one of the islands «Willys MB», which served as a prototype for future Japanese SUVs. The military ordered the engineers «Toyota» start production of a similar one, but with a different appearance. A prototype was born «Model AK». A prototype was developed in 1942 «AK10», which was a half-ton truck used only by the army. Name «Land Cruiser» appeared in 1954.
Cars are the main competitors Audi Q7, BMW X6, Chevrolet Tahoe, Infiniti QX80, Jeep Wrangler, Land Rover Discovery, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, Mitsubishi Pajero, Nissan Patrol, Porsche Cayenne, Range Rover and Volvo XC90.
Land Cruiser BJ and FJ (1951-1955)
In January 1951, a prototype was developed «Toyota "Jeep" BJ», which is completely different from the prototype «AK10» and has no common mechanical parts. The car had a two-door body with a soft top, the engine is located in the front and rear-wheel drive with manual all-wheel drive. Body length was 3793 mm, width 1575 mm, height 1900 mm, wheelbase 2400 mm and curb weight 1875 kg. Serial production began in 1953. In 1954 director «Toyota» Hangi Umehara came up with the name «Land Cruiser». At that time, there was an English competitor in the niche of these SUVs «Land Rover», so they came up with a name for the car that sounds no less worthy. The car was used mainly by the police, foresters and farmers.
The engine was first installed with a 3.4-liter gasoline six-cylinder in-line (3386 cm3, Type B, OHV) with a capacity of 84 hp, allowing a maximum speed of 80 km / h. In 1954, a 3.9-liter six-cylinder in-line engine appeared (3878 cm3, Type F, OHV) 125 hp. Both engines are four-stroke carburetors with two valves per cylinder. The gearbox was a three-speed manual, there was no downshift for difficult road conditions.
Land Cruiser J20 and J30 (1955-1960)
In 1955, an updated generation appeared with the code «J20». The car was aimed at the use of ordinary people and for the first time began to be exported to other countries. In Brazil it was called «Toyota Bandeirante». The body design has become more elegant, improved suspension and interior have increased ride comfort. There were four body style options - a two-door soft top, a two-door hard top, a two-door pickup and a five-door station wagon. The length of the two-door car was 3838 mm, width 1665 mm, height 1900 mm, wheelbase 2285 and curb weight 1425 kg. Production was carried out in Japan, and since 1958 production began in Brazil.
The engine was located in front, was a 3.4-liter six-cylinder in-line (3386 cm3, Type B, OHV) 84 hp and 3.9 liters (3878 cm3, Type F, OHV) 133 hp. The maximum speed was 100 hp. The gearbox is mechanical four-speed, rear-wheel drive with manually connected all-wheel drive. Downshift is also not provided.
In 1957, a five-door station wagon appeared with the code «FJ35V», based on an extended base of 2650 mm.
Land Cruiser J40 (1960-1984)
The next generation of a frame SUV with a code «J40» appeared in 1960. The body was basically a two-door SUV with a length of 3840 mm, a width of 1665 mm, a height of 1950 mm and a curb weight of 1630 kg. There were also a two-door pickup truck and a four-door SUV. At first there were several wheelbase options - short 2285 mm (J40/J41/J42), average 2430 mm (J43/J44/J46) and long 2650 mm (J45/J47). In 1963 a longer wheelbase of 2950 mm was added (FJ45-B), used for pickup truck and cab chassis. In 1967, the body of a five-door SUV with a wheelbase of 2650 mm was replaced by a station wagon (FJ55). In Brazil, the car was called «Toyota Bandeirante» and produced with engines from «Mercedes-Benz», and in Venezuela it was sold under the name «Toyota Macho».
Gasoline engines were 3.9-liter six-cylinder in-line (3878 cm3, F, I6, 115 hp) and 4.2 liters (4230 cm3, 2F, I6, 135 hp). Diesel engines appeared for the first time and during the 24-year production period the following models were installed:
- 3.0 liters (2977 cm3, B, I4, 1974-1984) 85 hp
- 3.2 liters (3168 cm3, 2B, I4, 1979-1981) 93 hp
- 3.4 liters (OM324, I4, 1979-1984) 78 hp
- 3.4 liters (3432 cm3, 3B, I4, 1961-1973) 98 hp
- 3.6 liters (3576 cm3, H, I6, 1972-1980) 90 hp
- 3.7 liters (3661 cm3, 14B, I4, 1994-2001) 96 hp
- 3.8 liters (OM314, I4, 1973-1989) 85 hp
- 4.0 liters (OM364, I4, 1989-1994) 90hp
- 4.0 liters (3980 cm3, 2H, I6, 1980–1984) 105 hp
The gearbox was a four-speed manual.
During the many years of production of this model, many improvements and improvements were introduced into the design.
Land Cruiser J50 (1967-1980)
This generation is called «FJ55G» and «FJ55V» is the first four-door station wagon and is the forerunner of the modern comfort-oriented Land Cruiser. The wheelbase was 2700 mm, length 4675 mm, width 1735 mm, height 1865 mm and curb weight 1735-1865 kg. Production was carried out only in Japan.
Engines installed gasoline six-cylinder in-line 3.9-liter (3878 cm3, F, OHV) with a capacity of 145 hp, and since 1975 it was replaced by a 4.2-liter engine (4230 cm3, 2F) 140 hp. The gearbox is mechanical four-speed, all-wheel drive. The maximum speed was 135 km / h.
Land Cruiser J60 (1980-1989)
In 1980, a new Land Cruiser series was released «J60», which continued the comfortable line of sport utility vehicles that continued to gain popularity. The body was a four-door station wagon with a wheelbase of 2730 mm, a length of 4675 mm, a width of 1800 mm, a height of 1750 mm and a curb weight of 1945 kg. The interior has been upgraded with air conditioning, rear row heating and other comfort options. Production was carried out in Japan and Venezuela, where the car was called «Toyota Samurai».
Gasoline engines were only 4.0 liter in-line six-cylinders (3955 cm3, 3F, I6, 155 hp), 4.0 liters (3955 cm3, 3F-E, I6, injection, 155 hp) and 4.2 liters (4230 cm3, 2F, I6, 135 hp). There were also three 3.4-liter diesel engines (3432 cm3, 3B, I4, 98 hp), 4.0 liters (3980 cm3, 2H, I6, 107 hp) and 4.0 liters (3980 cm3, 12H-T, I6, turbocharged, 134 hp). The gearbox was installed mechanical four-speed «H41F» / «H42F» and five-speed «H55F», and also for the first time began to install a four-speed automatic «A440F».
Land Cruiser J70 (1984-present time)
«Land Cruiser» series «J70» came to replace «J40», which has been in production for over 20 years and is an SUV that is not focused on comfort, like «J50», but off-road. Released so far after several updates. The body was presented two-door: pickup («75/77», wheelbase 3180 mm, length 5075 mm, width 1690 mm, height 1970 mm), hardtop and tent roof; three-door SUV («71/71», wheelbase 2310 mm, length 4070 mm, width 1770 mm, height 1935 mm) and five-door SUV («73/74», wheelbase 2980 mm, length 4995 mm, width 1870 mm, height 2070 mm). The exterior design has changed slightly, and technically the car has advanced a lot. Assembly was carried out in Japan, Venezuela and Portugal. Some countries had names «Bundera» or «Land Cruiser II», and then like «Prado», which was later used for a separate line of SUVs from 1997 «Land Cruiser Prado» series «J90» (see description below).
Throughout the long history of this series of gasoline engines, there have been four models of the following characteristics:
- 2.4 liters (2366 cm3, 22R, I4, SOHC) 97 hp
- 4.0 liters (3955 cm3, 3F, I6, OHV) 155 hp
- 4.0 liters (3956 cm3, 1GR-FE, V6, DOHC) 236 hp
- 4.5 liters (4477 cm3, 1FZ-FE, I6, DOHC) 212 hp
But mainly diesel engines were installed:
- 2.4 liters (2446 cm3, 2L, I4, SOHC) 86 hp
- 2.4 liters (2446 cm3, 2L-T, I4, SOHC, turbo) 90 hp
- 2.5 liters (2494 cm3, VM HR588, I5, OHV, turbo) 98 hp
- 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KZ-T, I4, SOHC, turbo) 125 hp
- 3.4 liters (3432 cm3, 13B-T, I4, OHV, turbo) 120 hp
- 3.4 liters (3469 cm3, PZ, I5, SOHC) 113 hp
- 4.0 liters (3980 cm3, 2H, I6, OHV) 103 hp
- 4.2 liters (4164 cm3, 1HD-FTE, I6, SOHC, turbo) 164 hp
- 4.2 liters (4164 cm3, 1HZ, I6, SOHC) 129 hp
- 4.5 liters (4461 cm3, 1VD-FTV, V8, DOHC, turbo) 202 hp
The gearbox was a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic «A440F».
Over the more than 30-year history of the release of this series, many changes have been made to the technical part, engines, interior and exterior.
Land Cruiser J80 (1990-2008)
In October 1989, the Kruzak series was shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in Japan «J80», and sales began in early 1990. The car was replaced «J60» — a comfortable series of SUVs. The body was a four-door station wagon 4780-4820 mm long, 1830 mm wide (until 1992) and 1930 mm (since 1992), height 1785 (until 1992) and 1860 mm (since 1992), as well as with a wheelbase of 2850 mm. The curb weight was 2084-2159 kg. The engine was located longitudinally in front, all-wheel drive. Since 1992, cars with anti-lock braking systems have had a viscous coupling that transfers no more than 30% of torque to a non-slip axle. Air conditioning was installed as standard. Assembly was carried out in Venezuela and Japan.
Gasoline engines were 4.0-liter six-cylinder in-line (3955 cm3, 3F-E, I6, OHV) 155 hp and 4.5 liters (4477 cm3, 1FZ-FE, I6, DOHC) 212 hp. There were also two models of diesel engines, both six-cylinder in-line engines with a volume of 4.2 liters (4164 cm3, 1HZ, I6, SOHC) 129 hp and 4.2 liters (4164 cm3, 1HD-T, I6, SOHC, turbo) 164 hp. The transmission was a four- and five-speed manual, as well as a four-speed automatic.
During the release of the model, several improvements were made to the model. In December 1997 production «J80» in Japan it was stopped and replaced by the next generation, and in Venezuela production continued until 2008.
Land Cruiser J100 (1998-2007)
In October 1997, at the thirty-second Tokyo Motor Show, was shown «Grand Cruiser» and in January 1998 a series appeared «J100» as a replacement «J80». There were two versions - «100» and «105». Series «105» carries the chassis and transmission from the series «80» with dependent spring front suspension and in-line gasoline engine. Series «100» with new torsion bar independent suspension, with active height control and TEMS (electronically controlled shock absorbers), a new transmission and a V-shaped gasoline engine. The design of both options looks similar. The body is a four-door wagon with a length of 4890 mm, a width of 1941 mm, a height of 1849 mm, a wheelbase of 2850 mm and a curb weight of 2320 kg. Assembly was carried out in China and Japan.
Gasoline engines were installed as follows - one six-cylinder in-line with a volume of 4.5 liters (4477 cm3, 1FZ-FE, I6) 212 hp and for the first time a 4.7-liter V-8 (4663 cm3, 2UZ-FE, V8) 271 hp. There were three models of diesel engines with the following parameters - all 4.2 liters (4164 cm3) — «1HZ» 129 hp, «1HD-T» turbocharged 164 hp. And «1HD-FTE» turbocharged 164 hp. The gearbox was a five-speed manual, as well as a four- or five-speed automatic (A343F, A440F).
In the 2003 model year, the car was restyled. Changed bumpers, grille and interior. An active night vision system appeared as an option «Night View», which was installed on cars for the first time in the world. In 2005, another update was carried out. The headlights, turn signals, taillights, radiator grille, and interior have undergone changes.
Since 1998, an executive SUV has been sold on the domestic Japanese market «Land Cruiser Cygnus», based on «J100», but more «heaped up». In Russia, this car was sold under the brand «Lexus LX 470».
Land Cruiser J200 (2007-present time)
In September 2007, the production of the next generation of the Land Cruiser SUV series was launched «J200». Design development began in 2002, and prototype testing took place from 2004 to early 2007. The design and platform of the new car is the same as that of «Lexus LX 570». Frame taken from a second generation pickup «Toyota Tundra», which has been shortened and reinforced. Larger brake discs and calipers were fitted, and the front suspension was strengthened over its predecessor, the underside protected by plates, and the A-pillars and roof were strengthened to better protect occupants in a rollover. The body was in the form of a five-door wagon with a length of 4990 mm, a width of 1980 mm, a height of 1970 mm, a wheelbase of 2850 mm and a curb weight of 2405-2740 kg. Assembly was carried out in Japan and China.
There were four models of petrol engines, all V-shaped six- or eight-cylinders of the following characteristics:
- 4.0 liters (3956 cm3, 1GR-FE V6) 236-285 hp
- 4.6 liters (4608 cm3, 1UR-FE V8) 318 hp
- 4.7 liters (4663 cm3, 2UZ-FE V8) 288 hp
- 5.7 liters (5663 cm3, 3UR-FE V8) 381 hp
The diesel engine was a single 4.5 liter V8 (4461 cm3, 1VD-FTV, V8, turbo) 202-268 hp. The gearbox was installed five-, six- or eight-speed automatic, as well as a five-speed manual.
Compared to its predecessor in the series «200» many modern automotive options, features and systems have been added, such as smart entry, start / stop button, climate control, 10 airbags, four-wheel drive control system, hill descent control, kinetic dynamic suspension (KDSS), rear view camera and much more.
In 2011, the model was updated to improve the engines. In August 2015, the second update was carried out, which affected the gearbox (eight-speed), front end of the car, grille, headlights with daytime running lights, bumpers and taillights.
Land Cruiser Prado (1990-present time)
Land Cruiser Prado - a full-size SUV with a supporting frame and all-wheel drive, produced from 1990 to the present by a Japanese company «Toyota Motor». In some countries it is called «Toyota Prado». Is a younger and smaller version of the classic «Land Cruiser». It has a two-stage transfer case, a rigid rear axle with a differential, and an independent suspension in front. The more deluxe version is sold as «Lexus GX». Currently shares a platform with «4Runner». Word «prado» translated from Portuguese as «field or meadow».
The ancestor of the Prado is a series «J70», produced since 1984, which in some countries was called so with a short body and a soft or hard top.
First generation (J70, 1990-1996)
In April 1990, a new SUV series was introduced «J70» with the title «Prado». The exterior design brought a new grille, front fenders, hood and headlights. The body is a three- or five-door station wagon with a length of 4585 mm, a width of 1690 mm, a height of 1885 mm, a wheelbase of 2730 mm and a curb weight of 1890 kg. The car was positioned as a comfortable car for the roads, as opposed to the classic produced in parallel with it «Land Cruiser J70», which is positioned as an SUV.
Gasoline engines were 2.4-liter four-cylinder in-line (2368 cm3, 22R-E) 105 hp and 2.7 liters (2693 cm3, 3RZ-FE) 150 hp. Diesel engines were also four-cylinder 2.4-liter (2446 cm3, 2L-TE, turbo) 95 hp, 2.8 liters (2779 cm3, 3L) 90 hp and 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KZ-TE, turbo) 130 hp. The gearbox was a four-speed automatic or a five-speed manual.
In 1993, they carried out an update, slightly changing the instrument panel, suspension, brakes and trim details.
Second generation (J90, 1996-2002)
In May 1996, an independent series appeared «J90» completely separated from the classic series «J70», which has been produced so far. The body was a three-door station wagon with a short wheelbase (2370 mm) and five-door station wagon with long wheelbase (2675 mm). The length of the three-door was 4240 mm, the five-door was 4675 mm, the width of all was 1820 mm, the height was 1880 mm and the curb weight was 1740-1960 kg. The front suspension became independent with double wishbones, which was also used on a pickup truck «Tacoma» and SUV «4Runner». Standard equipment was ABS and a monitor showing altimeter, thermometer and air pressure data. A TV display and radio were an option. There was a version with improved interior trim with the name «Challenger».
There were two models of gasoline engines, one four-cylinder with a volume of 2.7 liters (2693 cm3, 3RZ-FE, DOHC, 150 hp) and a six-cylinder V-shaped 3.4-liter (3378 cm3, 5VZ-FE, DOHC, 190 hp). Diesel engines were only four-cylinder 2.8-liter (2779 cm3, 3L, SOHC, 90 hp), 3.0 liters (2986 cm3, 5L, SOHC, 97 hp) and 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KZ-TE, SOHC, turbocharged, 145 hp). The transmission was either a five-speed manual or a four-speed automatic.
In mid-1999, the car was updated. Fog lights and an immobilizer for the engine were added.
Third generation (J120, 2002-2009)
In September 2002, the production of the third generation of the Prado series began «J120». Still based on the platform used for «4Runner». The front suspension has been significantly improved to increase its reliability. The body was in the form of a three-door wagon (wheelbase 2450 mm, length 4405 mm, width 1875 mm, height 1865 mm, curb weight 1790 kg) or five-door (wheelbase 2790 mm, length 4850 mm, width 1875 mm, height 1855 mm, curb weight 1900 kg), which has three rows of seats. In Japan, there were six trim and trim levels − «Gx», «Tx», «Tz», «Tx Limited», «Tzg» and «Tz Limited». Assembly was carried out in India and Japan.
There were four models of gasoline engines, two four-cylinder 2.7-liter (2693 cm3, 3RZ-FE, I4, DOHC, 150 hp) and 2.7 liters (2693 cm3, 2TR-FE, I4, DOHC, 158 hp), as well as two six-cylinder V-shaped 3.4-liter (3378 cm3, 5VZ-FE, V6, DOHC, 190 hp) and 4.0 liters (3956 cm3, 1GR-FE, V6, DOHC, 236 hp). Diesel engines were all four-cylinder 3.0-liter (2986 cm3, 5L-E, SOHC, 105 hp), 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KZ-TE, SOHC, turbocharged, 145 hp) and 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KD-FTV, DOHC, turbocharged, 170 hp). The transmission was a four- or five-speed automatic, as well as a five- or six-speed manual.
in 2007, they upgraded the equipment and security systems of the car, and in Japan, a subscriber telematics service began to be offered as an option «G-BOOK». Since 2006, two clones have been produced «Prado» entitled «Dadi City Steed» and «Dadi Shuttle».
Fourth generation (J150, 2009-present time)
In October 2009, the fourth generation of the series appeared «J150», which was presented at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt. The body was traditionally produced in the form of a three-door and five-door station wagon. The length of the three-door car was 4485 mm, width 1885 mm, height 1830 mm, wheelbase 2450 mm and curb weight 2060 kg. The five-door car was 4760 mm long, 1885 mm wide, 1845 mm high, wheelbase 2790 mm and curb weight 2100 kg. This Prado is equipped with an advanced all-wheel drive system and a variety of electronic devices. The spare wheel can be located outside on the tailgate or inside under the trunk floor, but with a reduced gas tank. With improved trim, the car is sold under the name «Lexus GX 460».
The line of gasoline engines looked like this - four-cylinder 2.7 liters (2693 cm3, 2TR-FE, I4, 158 hp), as well as six-cylinder V-shaped 3.5 liters (3456 cm3, 7GR-FKS, V6, 276 hp) and 4.0 liters (3956 cm3, 1GR-FE, V6, 236 hp). There are also three modifications of diesel engines, all four-cylinders with a volume of 2.8 liters (2755 cm3, 1GD-FTV, I4, turbocharged, 175 hp), 3.0 liters (2986 cm3, 5L-E, I4, 105 hp) and 3.0 liters (2982 cm3, 1KD-FTV, I4, turbocharged, 170 hp). The gearbox was installed with a five- or six-speed manual or automatic, and since 2015 a six-speed automatic has been installed «Aisin AC60F».
The model was updated in 2013. Improved equipment, front end design and headlights. In September 2017, the second update was carried out.