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The engine has always been located transversely in front. Until 1984, the drive was only on the rear wheels, and in October 1984 a platform with front-wheel drive appeared. Later in 1995, a four-wheel drive version of the Corolla appeared.
At first, the main competitors were Nissan Sunny (came out the same year, now replaced Nissan Almera), and later appeared Mitsubishi Lancer and Honda Civic (produced so far). Currently, the closest classmates are Ford Focus, Chevrolet Cruze, Hyundai Elantra, Kia Ceed, Opel Astra, Peugeot 301, Skoda Octavia, Seat Leon, Subaru Impreza, Suzuki SX4, Mazda 3, Renault Fluence and Volkswagen Golf.
First generation (E10, 1966-1970)
In November 1966, the first generation Corolla appeared with the chassis code «E10». This car was a continuation of a small family car «Toyota Publica» with an air-cooled two-cylinder engine, produced from 1961 to 1978. The front suspension was a strut «MacPherson», supported by a transverse leaf spring under the engine, rear suspension with leaf springs and a solid axle. The engine was located in the front, the drive was only on the rear wheels. The body was produced as a 2-door and 4-door sedan, 2-door coupe and 2-door station wagon. In 1968, a hatchback appeared, sold under the name «Sprinter». The total length of the car was 3848 mm, width 1491 mm and height 1379 mm. Production was carried out in Japan and Australia.
The engines on the first generation were only gasoline carbureted four-cylinder eight-valve «K series» 1.1 liter (1077 cm3, 60 hp) and in August 1969 the volume was increased to 1.2 liters (1166 cm3, 65 hp). There were special engines with twin carburetors «KB» 13 hp above normal. The transmission was a four-speed manual with a floor-mounted shift lever or a two-speed manual with a floor-mounted shift lever or on the steering column.
Second generation (E20, 1970-1978)
The second generation appeared in May 1970. Body design used popular at the time «coca bottle style», reminiscent of the classic shape of the profile of a glass bottle of a drink «Coca-Cola». The design of the front suspension has been significantly improved with the use of a stabilizer, while the rear remains almost unchanged. Body shapes were very diverse - two- and four-door sedan, two-door coupe, as well as three- and five-door station wagon and van. The length of the car was 3945-3990 mm, width 1506 mm, height 1346 mm and curb weight 730-910 kg. Assembly was carried out in Japan, Australia and Indonesia.
The engines were installed four-cylinder carburetor of the following characteristics - 1.2 liters (1166 cm3): «3K» - 68 hp, «3K-D» - 73 hp, «3K-B» - 77 l. s.; 1.4 liters (1407 cm3): «T» - 86 hp, «TD» - 90 hp, «TB» - 95 l. s.; 1.6 liters (1588 cm3): «2T-B» - 105 hp, «2T-G» - 115 hp, «2T-GR» - 110 hp. The gearbox is a mechanical four- or five-speed, as well as an automatic three-speed.
Minor design changes were made in September 1971. Changed the grille, rear lights and direction indicators. In August 1972, they also carried out a minor update.
Third generation (E30-E60, 1974-1981)
The third generation Corolla appeared in August 1974. The oil crisis that began in 1973 made this economical car the most popular in sales throughout the world. A large number of cars were built on the same chassis, including «Sprinters», «Daihatsu Charmant» And sports models «Levin» and «Trueno» with more powerful DOHC engines. Body styles ranged from 2-door coupe, 2- and 4-door sedan, 3-door hatchback, 3- and 5-door station wagon, 3-door wagon, and 2-door hardtop coupe. The length of the car was 3995 mm, width 1570 mm, height 1375 mm and curb weight 880 kg. In addition to Japan, the car was assembled in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia and Thailand.
The Japanese market had the following four-cylinder eight-valve carbureted gasoline engines:
- 1.2 liters (1166 cm3, 3K-C, OHV) 55 hp
- 1.2 liters (1166 cm3, 3K-U, OHV) 63 HP
- 1.2 liters (1166 cm3, 3K-H, OHV) 71 hp
- 1.4 liters (1407 cm3, T, OHV) 86 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 2T-C, OHV) 75 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 12T-U, OHV) 88 hp
- 1.6 liters (1588 cm3, 2T-G, DOHC) 124 hp
In other markets, engine power may vary slightly from those shown. The gearbox was installed four- and five-speed manual or two- and three-speed automatic «Toyoglide».
Model updates were made in the 1977 and 1979 model years.
Fourth generation (E70, 1979-1987)
In March 1979, the fourth generation began to be produced with the chassis code «E70». In 1983, a millionth copy was produced and a limited series of cars was released on this occasion «One Million Edition». This is the latest generation with rear-wheel drive and the first to be equipped with power steering. Body shapes were as diverse as the third generation. The total length of the car was 4050-4105 mm, width 1610 mm, height 1385 mm and a curb weight of 957 kg, that is, all dimensions increased slightly. Production was carried out in addition to Japan in Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand and Thailand.
Petrol engines were also four-cylinder eight-valve with the following specifications:
- 1.3 liters (1290 cm3, 4K-U, carburetor) 74 hp
- 1.3 liters (1290 cm3, 4K-J, carburetor) 69 HP
- 1.5 liters (1496 cm3, 5K-J, carburetor) 82 hp
- 1.5 liters (1496 cm3, 3A-U, SOHC, carburetor) 80 hp
- 1.5 liters (1496 cm3, 12T-J, carburetor) 86 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 2T-GEU, DOHC, EFI fuel injection) 115 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 13T-U, carburetor) 95 hp
- 1.8 liters (1770 cm3, 3T-C, carburetor) 75 hp
For the first time, a 1.8-liter four-cylinder diesel engine was installed (1839 cm3, 1C) 65 hp. In 1982 and 1985, the model was redesigned, and in 1983, gasoline engines were improved. The gearbox was a four- or five-speed manual.
Fifth generation (E80, 1983-1990)
In May 1983, the fifth generation was introduced with the chassis code «E80», which launched in parallel with the release of the fourth. The front end and grille became slanted, which gave the car a modern look for the time. But the most important innovation is the use of front-wheel drive. On some models (mostly coupe body) left the rear wheel drive. Body options were as follows - three- and five-door hatchback, four-door sedan (with four or six windows), a five-door liftback, as well as a two- and three-door coupe. The length of the car was 4135 mm (in the USA 4254 mm), width 1635 mm, height 1328 mm and curb weight 840-940 kg. There was also a shorter hatchback version «Corolla FX» 3970 mm long. The car was assembled in Japan, Venezuela, Indonesia, New Zealand, the USA and South Africa.
The line of four-cylinder gasoline engines has been greatly updated and consisted of the following models:
- 1.3 liters (1295 cm3, 2A-LU, 8 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 75 hp
- 1.3 liters (1295 cm3, 2E-LU, 12 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 75 hp
- 1.5 liters (1452 cm3, 3A-LU, 8 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 83 hp
- 1.5 liters (1452 cm3, 3A-U, 8 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 83 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-C, 8 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 90 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-ELU, 8 valves, SOHC, EFI injection) 100 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 112 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GEU, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 130 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GELU, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 130 hp
The diesel engine is represented by one model with a volume of 1.8 liters (1839 cm3, 1C-L, mechanical injection) 58 hp. The transmission was a five-speed manual, as well as a three- or four-speed automatic.
Sixth generation (E90, 1987-1992)
In May 1987, the sixth generation was introduced with the chassis code «E90». The exterior design has changed a lot, becoming more rounded, streamlined and modern. Basically, all cars switched to front-wheel drive, but there were models with an all-wheel drive system «All-Trac». Trim and trim levels were called «Base», «XL», «GL», «SE» and «SE Limited». Body options were as follows - a four-door sedan, a two-door coupe, a three- or five-door hatchback, as well as a five-door liftback, station wagon and van. The total length of the sedan was 4326 mm, width 1656 mm, height 1331 mm and a curb weight of 1086 kg. The dimensions have increased slightly compared to the previous generation. Assembly facilities were located in Japan, Australia, Indonesia, Canada, New Zealand, USA, Thailand and the Philippines. In South Africa, the car was produced until 2006.
As usual, four-cylinder gasoline engines of the following characteristics were installed:
- 1.3 liters (1295 cm3, 2E, 12 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 71 hp
- 1.4 liters (1397 cm3, 6A-FC, 16 valves, DOHC, carburetor) 81 hp
- 1.45 liters (1456 cm3, 3E, 12 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 80 hp
- 1.5 liters (1498 cm3, 5A-F, 16 valves, DOHC, carburetor) 85 hp
- 1.5 liters (1498 cm3, 5A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 95 hp
- 1.5 liters (1498 cm3, 5A-FHE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 105 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-F, 16 valves, DOHC, carburetor) 93 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 102 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 140 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GZE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 165 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, EFI injection) 115 hp
In addition, there was one four-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 1.8 liters (1839 cm3, 1C-III) 63 hp. The gearbox was a three- or four-speed automatic, as well as a four- or five-speed mechanics.
Seventh generation (E100, 1991-2002)
In June 1991, the seventh generation was released. The body design has become even more rounded, modern and aerodynamic with a drag coefficient of 0.33 for the sedan. The body structure has become more durable, the gaps have become smaller. The dimensions of the car again increased slightly and amounted to a length of 4369 mm, a width of 1684 u, a height of 1359 mm and a curb weight of 1052 kg. These dimensions have moved the car from a subcompact (B-segment) to compact class (C-segment). The body was presented in the following forms - a four-door sedan, a three- and five-door hatchback or liftback, a two-door coupe and a five-door station wagon. Instead of glass on the headlights, they began to use more durable polycarbonate. The drive remained only on the front wheels. The car was assembled in Australia, Indonesia, Canada, New Zealand, Pakistan, USA, Thailand, Turkey, Philippines and Japan.
Petrol engines were only four-cylinders of the following specifications:
- 1.3 liters (1295 cm3, 2E, 12 valves, SOHC, carburetor) 72 hp
- 1.3 liters (1331 cm3, 4E-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection) 99 hp
- 1.5 liters (1497 cm3, 5E-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection) 104 hp
- 1.5 liters (1497 cm3, 5A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection) 104 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection) 113 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GE, 20 valves, DOHC, injection) 158 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GZE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection, turbo) 168 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE, 16 valves, DOHC, injection) 115 hp
Diesel engines were two models, both four-cylinder 2.0-liter (1974 cm3, 2C-III) 72 hp and 2.2 liters (2184 cm3, 3C-E) 78 hp. Engine power may vary by country. The transmission was a four-, five- and six-speed manual or a three- and four-speed automatic.
A minor exterior design update was made in May 1993 when the grille, taillights and other changes were changed.
Eighth generation (E110, 1995-2002)
Eighth generation with code «E110» was introduced in May 1995 for Japan. In other countries, the car arrived a little later. The platform has remained the same from the seventh generation due to reduced design costs. The body was offered in the form of a four-door sedan (length 4315 mm), two-door coupe, three-door hatchback (length 4120 mm), five-door station wagon (length 4340 mm) and liftback (length 4270 mm). The width of the car was 1690 mm, the height was 1380-1445 mm and the curb weight was 1095 kg. Trims and trim levels were named «Base», «XLi», «GLi» and «SE-G». Assembly was carried out in Brazil, Indonesia, Canada, New Zealand, USA, Thailand, Turkey, Philippines, South Africa and Japan.
The entire range of engines was four-cylinder. Gasoline engines are all 16-valve DOHC with fuel injection of the following characteristics:
- 1.3 liters (1331 cm3, 4E-FE) 88 hp
- 1.4 liters (1398 cm3, 4ZZ-FE) 97 hp
- 1.5 liters (1498 cm3, 5A-FE) 100 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 3ZZ-FE) 110 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-FE) 115 hp
- 1.6 liters (1587 cm3, 4A-GE, 16 valves) 165 hp
- 1.8 liters (1762 cm3, 7A-FE) 110 hp
- 1.8 liters (1794 cm3, 1ZZ-FE) 125 hp
Diesel engines were installed two models of 2.0 liters (1974 cm3, 2C-III) 73 hp and 2.2 liters (2184 cm3, 3C-E) 79 hp, both engines with electronic fuel injection. The gearbox was installed three- and four-speed automatic or five- and six-speed manual.
In 1997, the front, rear and interior of the car were updated.
Ninth generation (E120, E130, 2000-2017)
In August 2000, the ninth generation cars went on sale. Exports to other countries began in 2001-2002. In Japan, production was completed in 2007, and in China, production continued until 2017 inclusive. There are fewer body options, leaving the most popular - a four-door sedan (length 4390 until 2003; 4529 mm since 2004), three- and five-door hatchback (length 4180 mm), as well as a five-door station wagon. The width of the car was 1695-1705 mm, the height was 1460-1486 mm and the curb weight was 1280-1330 kg. Assembly took place in Bangladesh, Brazil, UK, Venezuela, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, China, Colombia, Malaysia, Pakistan, USA, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Philippines, South Africa and Japan.
All gasoline engines were installed four-cylinder fuel-injected, with a DOHC gas distribution system:
- 1.3 liters (1298 cm3, 2NZ-FE) 84 hp
- 1.4 liters (1398 cm3, 4ZZ-FE) 97 hp
- 1.5 liters (1497 cm3, 1NZ-FE) 109 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FE) 122 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 3ZZ-FE) 109 hp
- 1.8 liters (1794 cm3, 1ZZ-FE) 120 hp
- 1.8 liters (1796 cm3, 2ZZ-GE, turbo) 189 hp
Diesel engines were two models with fuel injection «Common rail», four-cylinder, DOHC, 1.4-liter (1364 cm3, 1ND-TV) 87 hp and 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 1CD-FTV) 116 hp. The transmission was a four-speed automatic, five- and six-speed manual, as well as a six-speed manual sequential transmission, which only allows sequential shifting.
In 2002, Corolla received the title «Car of the Year» from a popular UK magazine «What Car?». 2002 hatchback model tested by European committee «Euro NCAP» on safety, the results of which are shown in the table. In 2004, the first restyling of the model was carried out, changing the appearance of the radiator grille, front bumper, fog lights, rear lights became LED. The interior has also been freshened up a bit.
Tenth generation (E140, E150, 2006-present time)
The tenth generation Toyota Corolla was introduced in October 2006 in the Japanese market (E140, platform «Toyota MC»), and in November it was exported (E150, platform «Toyota New MC»). In Japan, production stopped in May 2012 and assembly is currently taking place in South Africa. The body was presented only with a four-door sedan with the name «Corolla Axio» and five-door station wagon «Corolla Fielder». The hatchback was brought to a separate model with the name «Toyota Auris». The dimensions of the car for Japan were smaller than those of the export variants in order not to increase the tax rate, which also depends on the external dimensions. For the Japanese market, the length was 4390 mm, width 1695 mm and height 1465-1515 mm, while for export the length was 4540-4572 mm, width 1760 mm, the height is the same. Assembly was carried out in the same countries as the previous generation, with some exceptions.
Petrol engines are still only four-cylinder 16-valve DOHC with fuel injection of the following volumes and parameters:
- 1.3 liters (1298 cm3, 2NZ-FE) 84 hp
- 1.4 liters (1398 cm3, 4ZZ-FE) 97 hp
- 1.5 liters (1497 cm3, 1NZ-FE) 109 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 3ZZ-FE) 110 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FE) 122 hp
- 1.8 liters (1794 cm3, 1ZZ-FE) 120 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FE) 132 hp
- 2.0 liters (1987 cm3, 3ZR-FE) 141 hp
- 2.4 liters (2362 cm3, 2AZ-FE) 160 hp
Diesel engines are also four-cylinder direct injection «Common rail» 1.4 liters (1364 cm3, 1ND-TV, SOHC) 88 hp and 2.0 liters (1995 cm3, 1CD-FTV, DOHC) 116 hp. The gearbox was installed five or six-speed manual, four- or five-speed automatic, and for the first time a stepless variator was used «Super CVT-i».
2007 model year car passed European committee crash tests «Euro NCAP», whose results are shown in the table below. The 2009 model was tested by an American agency «National Highway Traffic Safety Administration» (NHTSA), the crash test results are as follows:
- frontal impact (driver) — 4 out of 5 stars
- frontal impact (passenger) — 4 out of 5 stars
- Side kick (driver) — 5 out of 5 stars
- Side kick (rear passenger) — 4 out of 5 stars
- Roof strength - 4 out of 5 stars
Safety systems include a radar for collision avoidance, a brake assist system that reduces speed when a collision is threatened, a cruise control system helps to control the vehicle in front and keeps the car in the lane, among others (airbags, belts).
Also installed a variety of driver assistance systems, such as a rear view camera, intelligent parking assistance system, «Bluetooth» to connect your phone and other devices, as well as many other automotive options available at the time.
Eleventh generation (E160, Japan, 2012-present time)
car with code «E160» was introduced in May 2012 in Japan and is sold only in the domestic Japanese market due to taxation features, and was released for export in 2013 «E170» with larger dimensions. Platform based «Toyota B», which is also used for «Vitz», «Belta», «Vios», «Porte», «Ractis», «Sienta», «Prius c», «Yaris» and so on. The body was presented in two forms - a four-door sedan «Corolla Axio» and five-door station wagon «Corolla Fielder». The length of the car was 4360-4400 mm, width 1695 mm, height 1460-1485 mm and curb weight 1050-1200 kg. The engine is located transversely in front, the drive is mainly front-wheel drive, there are modifications with all-wheel drive.
The engines were only 1.3-liter petrol four-cylinders (1329 cm3, 1NR-FE, 95 hp), 1.5 liters (1496 cm3, 1NZ-FE, 110 hp) and 1.8 liters (1797 cm3, 2ZR-FE, 140 hp). Also in 2013, they released a hybrid version of the car with a 1.5-liter engine (1496 cm3, 1NZ-FXE) 74 hp. Japanese models were not equipped with diesel engines. The gearbox was installed five-speed manual or stepless variator «Super CVT-i».
In April 2015, the model was updated, which affected the front bumper, grille, front fenders, taillights, began to install projection-type headlights, and also equipped with a collision avoidance system «Toyota Safety Sense». In 2017, another update was carried out.
Eleventh generation (E170, export, 2013-present time)
In June 2013, the whole world began to be able to purchase the eleventh generation Corolla with the chassis code «E170». The car is based on a platform «Toyota New MC» and is significantly larger than the Japanese version. The body was represented only by a four-door sedan with a length of 4620-4650 mm, a width of 1775 mm, a height of 1455-1460 mm and a curb weight of 1245-1300 kg. The hatchback previously branched off into a separate model with the name «Auris». Trim and trim levels were in the US and other countries with the name «L», «LE», «LE», «Eco» and «S». This export model has been assembled in Brazil, Venezuela, India, Canada, China, Pakistan, USA, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Japan and South Africa.
The line of gasoline engines for export is only four-cylinder in-line engines with fuel injection of the following volumes and parameters:
- 1.2 liters (1197 cm3, 8NR-FTS, turbo) 114 hp
- 1.3 liters (1298 cm3, 2NZ-FE) 84 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FE) 122 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FBE) 125 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FE) 132 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FXE, hybrid) with a total power of 134 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FBE) 141 hp
- 2.0 liters (1987 cm3, 3ZR-FE) 140-151 hp
There were two models of diesel engines, both four-cylinder fuel-injected engines «Common Rail» 1.4 liters (1364 cm3, 1ND-TV, turbo) 89 hp and 2.0 liters (1998 cm3, 1AD-FTV) 126 hp. The gearbox was a five- or six-speed manual, a four-speed automatic, and a seven- or eight-speed CVT «Super CVT-i».
European Committee «Euro NCAP» conducted crash tests of the 2013 Corolla car to determine the safety for humans, see the results of these tests in the table.
In March 2016, the export version of the Corolla was updated. Sleek LED headlights, a new chrome grille, and taillights are also all-LED. For the North American markets, they carried out their update in 2016, which affected the design of the front end and the interior.
Twelfth generation (E210, 2018-present time)
The twelfth generation was presented in March 2018 at the Geneva International Motor Show as a hatchback called «Auris», and at the New York International Auto Show. Launched in June 2018. The car is based on a platform «Toyota New Global Architecture» (TNGA-C), on which are also built «Prius», «Prime», «C-HR», «Levin», «Auris» and «Lexus UX». First came the five-door hatchback (length 4370 mm, width 1790 mm, height 1440 mm), followed by a four-door sedan in January 2019 (length 4640 mm, width 1780 mm, height 1435 mm) and five-door station wagon (length 4650 mm, width 1790 mm, height 1440 mm). The curb weight of a conventional car was 1240-1310 kg, a hybrid 1300-1560 kg. The assembly was carried out in Japan, Great Britain, China, the USA and Turkey.
Currently, only gasoline four-cylinder engines of the following volumes are installed:
- 1.2 liters (1197 cm3, 8NR-FTS, turbo) 114 hp
- 1.6 liters (1598 cm3, 1ZR-FAE) 132 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FAE) 138 hp
- 1.8 liters (1798 cm3, 2ZR-FXE, hybrid) with a total power of 134 hp
- 2.0 liters (1986 cm3, M20A-FKS) 170 hp
- 2.0 liters (1986 cm3, M20A-FXS, hybrid) with a total power of 180 hp
Transmission six-speed manual «EG60» or stepless variator «K120».
Australian New Car Assessment Program «ANCAP» assigned the maximum five-star safety rating to the hatchback. American non-profit organization «Insurance Institute for Highway Safety» (IIHS) also conducted safety tests and awarded the following ratings:
- Small overlap frontal test - Good
- Frontal test with partial overlap - Good
- Side kick - good
- Roof strength - Good
- Head protection - good
- Collision avoidance system - Excellent
- Headlights - Acceptable
- Child seat attachment - OK