Pic. 1.1. Elements of the front suspension and steering
1 - Subframe
2 - Steering gear
3 - Tie rod end
4 - Swivel fist
5 - ball joint
6 - transverse lever
The rear suspension also uses strut assemblies with springs. The top end of each strut is connected to a strut support on the vehicle body. The lower end of the rack is connected to the hub support. The position of the hub support on each side is set by a pair of wishbones and a trailing arm connecting the support to the body (pic. 1.2).
Pic. 1.2. Rear suspension elements
1 - Rear suspension cross member
2 - transverse lever (№2)
3 — a support of a back nave
4 - Trailing arm
5 - transverse lever (№1)
Lexus models as an option (at the request of the client) equipped with electronically controlled air suspension. This suspension allows the driver to change the vehicle's ground clearance depending on the driving conditions.
Rack and pinion steering with hydraulic booster, which is located behind the engine assembly with gearbox (in block with drive axle), mounted on the engine support frame. The steering mechanism drives the tie rods that are connected to the steering knuckles. The steering column is designed to deform in a collision.
Often when working with suspension or steering components, you may encounter elements of tacking that seem impossible to release. These bolts/nuts, located on the bottom of the vehicle, are constantly exposed to water, road grime, etc. and may rust or «cling to» so that it becomes extremely difficult to let them go. To turn these «stubborn» fastening elements and do not damage them in the process (or other elements), generously apply penetrating oil on them and let it soak in. Using a wire brush to clean exposed threads also makes it easier to remove a nut or bolt and prevent damage to the threads. Sometimes a sharp blow with a hammer through the center punch allows «move» nut or bolt, but be careful that the center punch does not go to the side and damage the threads. It may sometimes help to heat the stuck tack and the adjacent area with a burner, but this is not recommended due to the obvious fire hazards. A long extension/lever or a piece of pipe fitted on the handle of the wrench will increase the leverage, but never fit an extension pipe on a ratchet driver, as the ratchet mechanism may be damaged if the prescribed torque is exceeded. Sometimes breaking off a nut or bolt is easier if you lightly tighten it/him first. All fasteners that require drastic measures to be removed must be replaced with new ones without fail.
Since most of the procedures in this chapter require you to raise the vehicle and work underneath it, you will need a pair of sturdy supports. The preferred type of jack for lifting a vehicle is a hydraulic floor jack, which can also be used to support certain elements in a variety of activities.
Attention! Under no circumstances work under a vehicle that is only supported by a jack. Each time the suspension or steering fastening elements are released, they should be inspected and, if necessary, replaced with new ones that have the same number of the outboard part or are of the same quality and design as the original elements. To ensure correct assembly and secure fixing of the elements, the specified tightening torques must be observed. Never attempt to heat or tamper with suspension or steering components. All deformed or damaged elements should be replaced with new ones.