Note. Recommended interval: every 24,000 km or 12 months.
Stationary check
Set the front wheels to drive straight and turn the steering wheel slightly in different directions to determine the free play of the steering wheel. Free play is the angle that the steering wheel turns before the front wheels begin to turn. Excessive play can be caused by worn hub bearings, lower arm ball joint, steering shaft universal joint, or steering gear.
Check the shock absorber for proper operation by pressing the corner of the body and releasing it sharply. The body should return to its original position after it is released. If the body rises above its original position and continues to sway, most likely the shock absorber located on this side is out of order and must be replaced. Together with it, replace the second shock absorber on this axle.
Check the shock absorber mount for wear.
Vehicle lifted test
Place the vehicle on a lift and raise it to a comfortable viewing height.
Check tire wear and condition.
Check the condition of the universal joint between the steering shaft and the steering gear housing.
Check the steering gear housing for fluid leaks.
Visually inspect the protective covers of the ball joints and rack and pinion steering for cracks, abrasions and aging. Any damage to the covers will lead to loss of lubricant and the ingress of water and dirt, and as a result - to the rapid wear of the ball joints or the steering mechanism.
While the assistant turns the steering wheel from side to side, check the steering parts and assemblies for freedom of movement, wear and tightness.
Pic. 2.25. Using a pry bar to check the play of the lower arm pivots
Check the condition and play of the hinges of the lower levers, trying to move the levers relative to the wheel rim up and down with a mount (pic. 2.25).
Take the front wheel with your hands in position «6 and 12 o'clock» and try to shake it in a vertical plane. Slight wheel play is acceptable. If the play is large, further testing is necessary to determine the cause of the failure. Continue pumping the wheel while the assistant should press the brake pedal. If the play is eliminated or significantly reduced, then the hub bearings are probably damaged. If the play is still large, then the joints and suspension mounts are worn out.
Now take the wheel with your hands into position «9 and 3 o'clock» and try to shake it in a horizontal plane. Play in the horizontal plane can be caused by wear of the hub bearing or tie rod ball joints. If the outer or inner ball joint is worn, play will be immediately noticeable.
At the rear of the vehicle, inspect the rear suspension arm bushings.