Fuel distribution system
An electric fuel pump is placed inside the gas tank and provides a constant pressure of fuel supply to the fuel line. In the fuel line, the fuel is evenly distributed between the injectors, which inject it directly into the intake ports of the combustion chambers located above the intake valves. The amount of fuel injected into the engine is controlled by an electronic module (ECM). A special regulator adjusts the pressure in the power system depending on the depth of vacuum in the intake manifold. The fuel filter is installed between the fuel pump and the fuel line and serves to protect the components of the path from contamination.
Air mixing system
The system includes an air cleaner, a throttle body, and an air hose connecting the listed components. Special sensor (IAT sensor) continuously monitors the intake air temperature of the engine, sending the relevant information to the ECM, which takes it into account when determining the duration of the pulses that control the opening of the injectors. The throttle position in the throttle body is controlled by the driver using the gas pedal. When the damper is opened, the air flow rate increases, which leads to a decrease in the flow temperature. The IAT immediately notifies the ECM of the change, causing the module to correct the fuel supply in a timely manner.
Electronic control system
Microprocessor electronic control module (ECM) controls the operation of injection, ignition and exhaust gas emission control systems. By receiving signals from a variety of information sensors and analyzing the information received, the ECM constantly monitors such engine operating parameters as intake air temperature, throttle opening degree, coolant temperature, crankshaft speed, vehicle speed, oxygen content in exhaust gases, etc. Based on the analysis of the incoming information, the ECM determines the duration of the opening of the injectors, which provides the optimal composition of the air-fuel mixture at the current time. Some of the information sensors and relays for their control are not directly part of the fuel injection system and are scattered throughout the engine compartment of the car. A more detailed description of the principle of operation and design of the components of the control system and the ECM is given in Chapter Engine management and emission control systems.