Steering wheel play check
Stop the car and set the wheels straight ahead.
Pic. 5.11. Steering wheel play check
Check the play of the steering wheel by slowly turning it in both directions (pic. 5.11).
Maximum backlash: 30 mm.
If the play exceeds the maximum allowable value, replace the intermediate shaft or steering gear.
Checking the drive belt
Visually inspect the belt for signs of excessive wear, broken cords, etc.
Pic. 5.12. Types of drive belt damage
If any defect is found, replace the drive belt (pic. 5.12).
Note. Cracks are allowed on the narrow part of the belt.
If the teeth are chipped, replace the belt.
Bleeding the power steering
Check the fluid level in the booster reservoir.
Raise the front of the vehicle with a jack and place it on stands.
Turn the steering wheel.
With the engine off, slowly turn the steering wheel several times until it stops in both directions.
Remove the machine from the stands.
Start the engine.
Let the engine idle for a few minutes.
Turn the steering wheel again.
While the engine is idling, turn the steering wheel all the way and hold it in this position for 2-3 seconds. Then turn the steering wheel all the way in the opposite direction and also hold for 2–3 s.
Turn off the engine.
Pic. 5.13. Checking the hydraulic fluid
Make sure the hydraulic fluid is free of foam and emulsion (pic. 5.13).
Check for fluid leaks in the hydraulic system, especially if the system has had to be bled twice due to foam and emulsion.
Check fluid level.
Liquid level check
Stop the car on a flat horizontal platform.
With the engine stopped, check the fluid level in the booster reservoir.
Add fluid if necessary.
Fluid: ATF DEXRON® II or III.
Pic. 5.14. Hydraulic fluid reservoir
Note. Check the level in the tank with heated liquid according to the marks «HOT LEVEL». For cold liquid, use labels «COLD LEVEL» (pic. 5.14).
Start the engine at idle.
To increase the temperature of the liquid, turn the steering wheel in both directions until it stops several times
Fluid temperature: 75–80°C.
Make sure there is no foam or emulsion in the liquid.
If foam or emulsion is found, bleed the power steering.
With the engine idling, measure the fluid level in the power steering reservoir.
Turn off the engine.
Wait a few minutes and re-measure the fluid level in the reservoir.
Pic. 5.15. Liquid level rise
The maximum allowable rise in the liquid level in the amplifier tank: 5 mm (pic. 5.15).
If a malfunction is found, re-bleed the power steering.
Check fluid level.
Checking fluid pressure in the power steering
Engine 1ZZ-FE/ 3ZZ-FE: Disconnect the feed tube.
1CD-FTV engine: Disconnect feed tube.
Pic. 5.16. Connection diagram of special devices for checking the pressure in the hydraulic system
Connect the SST tool as shown in figure 5.16.
Note. Make sure the SST valve is open.
Bleed the power steering.
Start the engine at idle.
To increase the temperature of the liquid, turn the steering wheel in both directions until it stops several times.
Fluid temperature: 75–80°C.
Pic. 5.17. Crane position «closed»
With the engine idling, close the SST valve and check the pressures on the SST gauge (pic. 5.17).
Pump outlet pressure: 1ZZ-FE/ 3ZZ-FE - 8300-9000 kPa, 1CD-FTV - 8800-9500 kPa.
Note. It is forbidden to keep the tap closed for more than 10 s.
Note. The liquid temperature must not be too high.
Note. If the pressure is higher than the permissible one, check the components for tightness and replace them if necessary.
Pic. 5.18. Crane position «open»
Fully open the valve when the engine is idling (pic. 5.18).
Measure the pressure at the outlet of the pump at an engine speed of 1000 and 3000 min–1.
Differences in liquid pressure: no more than 490 kPa.
Note. Do not turn the steering wheel.
Note. If the pressure is higher than the permissible one, check the components for tightness and replace them if necessary.
Pic. 5.19. Crane position «open», the engine is idling
With the engine idling and the tap fully open, turn the steering wheel all the way to either side (pic. 5.19).
Pump outlet pressure: 1ZZ-FE/ 3ZZ-FE - 8300-9000 kPa, 1CD-FTV - 8800-9500 kPa.
Note. It is forbidden to hold the steering wheel in the extreme position for more than 10 s.
Note. The liquid temperature must not be too high.
Note. If the pressure is higher than the permissible one, check the components for tightness and replace them if necessary.
Disconnect the SST tool.
1ZZ-FE/ 3ZZ-FE engine: Connect the feed pipe of the power steering pump assembly.
1CD-FTV engine: connect the feed pipe of the power steering pump assembly.
Bleed the steering hydraulic drive.
Steering wheel force check
Set the steering wheel to the center position.
Remove the steering wheel cover.
Start the engine at idle.
Pic. 5.20. Steering wheel force measurement
Measure the force on the steering wheel by turning it in both directions (pic. 5.20).
Steering wheel force (nominal value): no more than 5.5 Nm.
Note. Before diagnosing, check the tire type and tire pressure, and make sure the road is suitable for testing.
If effort is more than admissible, check up the amplifier of a steering.
Tighten the steering wheel nut.
Tightening torque: 50 Nm.
Install the steering wheel pad.