Attention! When working on the electrical system, care must be taken not to damage the semiconductor device (diodes and transistors). When working on an electrical system, the following requirements must be met:
- - while the engine is running, do not disconnect the battery, alternator or any electrical connectors;
- - when carrying out any work, remove the negative terminal from the battery;
- - when carrying out electric welding work on the vehicle, turn off the alternator and control device.
Consumers are connected to a positive power source by a wire, and to a negative one - through the car body (mass). This method reduces the number of wires and simplifies installation. Cars are fitted with low-maintenance or maintenance-free batteries.
The electrical system has a 12 volt negative ground supply and consists of a battery, alternator, starter motor, electrical consumers and electrical circuits.
The battery is charged by a generator, which is driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.
The starter is a mixed-excitation DC motor with an electromagnetic traction relay. When starting, the traction relay moves the pinion gear into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the starter is powered by the battery. After starting the engine, the freewheel disengages the starter armature from the flywheel ring gear.