To reduce the force applied to the steering wheel to turn it, hydraulic power steering is installed on cars. As an additional force, a high-pressure fluid is used, which is supplied to the working cylinders located on the steering gear. The distribution valve is used to pump fluid into the power cylinder under pressure, which corresponds to the angle of rotation of the steering wheel. Diverter valves operate according to the so-called open center principle, i.e. when the control valve is inactive, the liquid supplied by the pump is bypassed back into the reservoir at zero pressure. The hydraulic system is pressurized by a pump driven by a belt from the engine crankshaft pulley.
Pic. 5.1. Camry steering gear
Steering gear (pic. 5.1) connected to the steering shaft through an intermediate shaft.